Rare Earth Terminology (II): Rare Earth Metals and Compounds

Single metal and oxide

lanthanum metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by molten salt electrolysis or reduction method using lanthanum compounds as raw materials. Its chemical properties are active and easily oxidize in the air. Mainly used for hydrogen storage and synthesis Etc.

Lanthanum oxide

Using rare earths containing lanthanum as raw materials, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction method and is a white powder. The color changes slightly with different purity, and it is easily deliquescent in the air. Mainly used for optical glass and cathode hot materials, etc.

Cerium metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by molten salt electrolysis or reduction method using cerium compounds as raw materials. Its chemical properties are active and easily oxidize in the air. Mainly used for hydrogen storage and synthesis etc.

Cerium oxide

Rare earths containing cerium are used as raw materials and are generally obtained by solvent extraction. The higher the purity of the product, the lighter the color, ranging from light red or light yellow brown to light yellow or milky white powder. It is prone to moisture in the air.

Used for special optical glass, glass decolorization clarifier, polishing material, ceramic material, catalytic material, cerium tungsten electrode, etc.

Praseodymium metal

Metal obtained by molten salt electrolysis using praseodymium compounds as raw materials. Its chemical properties are active and easy to oxidize in the air. Mainly used for magnetic materials, etc.

Praseodymium oxide

Using rare earths containing praseodymium as raw materials, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction method and is a black or brown powder that is easily deliquescent in the air. Mainly used for ceramic pigments, glass colorants, etc.

Neodymium metal

Metal obtained by molten salt electrolysis using neodymium compounds as raw materials. Its chemical properties are active and easy to oxidize in the air. Mainly used for magnetic materials, non-ferrous metal alloys, etc.

Neodymium oxide

Using rare earth containing neodymium as raw material, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction method, and is a light purple powder that is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for laser materials, optical glass, etc.

Samarium metal

A metal with a silver gray luster on the fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction distillation method using samarium compounds as raw materials. In the air medium to easy oxidation. Mainly used for magnetic materials, nuclear control rods, etc.

Samarium oxide

Using rare earths containing samarium as raw materials, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction method, and is a white powder with a light yellow color. It is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for catalysts, functional ceramics, etc.

Europium metal

A silver white metal obtained by distillation of europium containing compounds using metal thermal reduction method, mainly used in nuclear industrial structures materials, nuclear control rods, etc.

Europium oxide

Using rare earth elements containing europium as raw materials, it is generally prepared by a combination of reduction method, extraction method, or alkalinity method. It is a white powder with a slight rose red color, which is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for red fluorescence of color televisions powder activator, fluorescent powder for high-pressure mercury lamps, etc.

Gadolinium metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction method using gadolinium compounds as raw materials. Long term exposure to air can easily oxidize the surface. Mainly used for magnetic cooling working medium, nuclear control rod, magnetic optical materials, etc.

Gadolinium oxide

Using rare earths containing gadolinium as raw materials, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction method and is a white odorless amorphous powder that is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for magneto-optical materials, magnetic bubble materials, laser materials, etc.

Terbium metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction method using terbium compounds as raw materials. Long term exposure to air can easily oxidize the surface. Mainly used for magnetostrictive alloys and magneto-optical recording materials etc.

Terbium oxide

Using rare earths containing terbium as raw materials, they are generally obtained by solvent extraction or extraction chromatography. They are brown powders that are easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for magneto optical glass, fluorescent powder, etc.

Dysprosium metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction method using dysprosium compounds as raw materials. Long term exposure to air can easily oxidize the surface. Mainly used for magnetic materials, nuclear control rods, magnetostriction alloys, etc.

Dysprosium oxide

Using rare earth enriched materials containing dysprosium as raw materials, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction method and is a white powder. It is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for magneto optical glass, magneto optical memory materials, etc

Holmium metal

A silver white metal obtained by metal thermal reduction method using holmium compounds as raw materials, which is soft and ductile. Stable in dry air. Mainly used as an additive for magnetostrictive alloys. Metal halide lamps, lasers devices, magnetic materials, and fiber optic materials.

Holmium oxide

Using rare earths containing holmium as raw materials, they are generally obtained by solvent extraction or ion exchange methods. They are light yellow crystalline powders that are easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for laser materials, ferromagnetic materials, and optical fibers etc.

Erbium Metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction method using erbium compounds as raw materials. Soft and stable in the air. Mainly used as an additive for hard alloys, non-ferrous metals, and to produce other metals reducing agents, etc.

Erbium oxide

Using rare earth enriched materials containing erbium as raw materials, usually obtained by solvent extraction or ion exchange methods, it is a light red powder with slight color changes with purity, and is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for

Laser materials, glass fibers, luminescent glass, etc.

Tthulium metal

A metal with a silver gray luster on the fracture surface obtained by metal reduction distillation using thulium oxide as the raw material. Stable in the air. Mainly using radioactive thulium as a radiation source.

Thulium oxide

Using rare earths containing thulium as raw materials, they are generally obtained by solvent extraction or ion transformation methods. They are light green cubic crystal systems, which are easy to absorb water and absorb gas in the air. Mainly used for magneto optical materials, laser materials, etc.

Ytterbium Metal

A metal with a silver gray luster on the fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction method using ytterbium oxide as the raw material. Slowly corroded in the air. Mainly used for the preparation of special alloys, etc.

Ytterbium oxide

Using rare earth containing ytterbium as raw material, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction, ion exchange, or reduction methods. It is a white slightly greenish powder that is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for thermal shielding coating materials and optical fibers communication and laser materials, etc.

Lutetium Metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction method using lutetium compounds as raw materials. The texture is the hardest and densest among rare earth metals, and is stable in the air. Mainly used for the preparation of special alloys, etc.

Lutetium oxide

Using rare earths containing lutetium as raw materials, they are generally obtained by solvent extraction or ion exchange methods. They are white powders that are easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for composite functional crystals and magnetic bubbles materials, fluorescent materials, etc.

Yttrium Metal

A metal with a silver gray shiny fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction method using yttrium compounds as raw materials. Long term exposure to air can easily oxidize the surface. Mainly used for special alloy additives, steel refining agents detergents, etc

 Yttrium oxide

Using rare earth containing yttrium as raw material, it is generally obtained by solvent extraction method, and is a white slightly yellow powder that is easy to absorb water and absorb air in the air. Mainly used for fluorescent materials, precision ceramics, artificial gemstones, and optical glass , superconducting materials, etc.

Scandium Metal

A metal with a silver white luster on the fracture surface obtained by metal thermal reduction distillation method using scandium compounds as raw materials. Long term exposure to air can easily oxidize the surface. Mainly used for special alloy manufacturing and alloy additives etc.

Scandium oxide

Using rare earths containing scandium as raw materials, they are generally obtained by solvent extraction or ion exchange methods, and are white solids that are easy to absorb and absorb water in the air. Mainly used for ceramic materials, catalytic materials, etc. 

Mixed rare earth metals and their oxides

Praseodymium neodymium metal

The metal produced from praseodymium neodymium oxide through molten salt electrolysis is mainly used as a raw material for magnetic materials.

Praseodymium neodymium oxide

Brown rare earth oxide mainly composed of praseodymium neodymium. Mainly used for electrolytic preparation of praseodymium neodymium metal, as well as for additives such as glass and ceramics.

Cerium rich mixed rare earth metals

Metal obtained by molten salt electrolysis using cerium based mixed rare earth compounds as raw materials. Mainly used as hydrogen storage materials and metal reducing agents.

Lanthanum cerium metal

The metal produced by molten salt electrolysis using lanthanum cerium oxide as raw material is mainly used for hydrogen storage alloy materials and steel additives.

Lanthanum cerium oxide

Rare earth oxides mainly composed of lanthanum cerium are mainly used as raw materials for petroleum cracking catalysts, mixed rare earth metals, and various rare earth salts.

Mixed rare earth metal wire (rod)

Wire (bar) is generally produced by extrusion processing using mixed rare earth metal ingots as raw materials. Mainly used as an additive for steel and aluminum.

Lanthanum cerium terbium oxide

It is obtained by mixing oxides of lanthanum, cerium, and terbium in a certain proportion, precipitation, and calcination, and is mainly used as a tricolor fluorescent material for lamps.

Yttrium europium oxide

Two types of oxides, yttrium and europium, are mixed in a certain proportion, co precipitated, and calcined to obtain them. They are mainly used as raw materials for tricolor fluorescent pink powder.

Cerium terbium oxide

Cerium and terbium oxides, obtained through co precipitation and calcination, are used as three primary fluorescent materials for lamps.

Yttrium europium gadolinium oxide

A mixed oxide of yttrium, europium, and gadolinium with specific components, mainly used as a raw material for fluorescent materials.

Lanthanum praseodymium neodymium oxide

Lanthanum praseodymium neodymium is mixed in a certain proportion and prepared by precipitation and calcination, which can be used for making FCCL ceramic capacitors, etc.

Cerium gadolinium terbium oxide

Ce, gadolinium, and terbium are mixed in a certain proportion and precipitated and burned to obtain green powder that can be used to produce fluorescent powder.

Rare earth compound

Rare earth chloride

Mixed rare earth and chlorine compounds. The mixed rare earth chloride extracted from rare earth concentrate and obtained through hydrometallurgy is in block or crystalline form, with a general rare earth content (calculated as REO) of not less than 45%, and is prone to moisture in the air solution. It can be used as a petroleum catalytic cracking agent, co catalyst, and raw material for extracting and separating single rare earths.

Lanthanum chloride

Using rare earth enriched compounds containing lanthanum as raw materials, they are generally obtained by solvent extraction method and appear in reddish or gray block or crystalline form. Easily deliquescent in the air. Mainly used for preparing petroleum cracking catalysts.

Cerium chloride

Using rare earth enrichment compounds containing cerium as raw materials, they are generally obtained by solvent extraction method and are in white or light yellow block or crystalline form. Easily deliquescent in the air. Mainly used for the production of cerium compounds, catalysts, etc.

Rare earth carbonate

Rare earth carbonate, commonly known as mixed rare earth carbonate, is obtained by chemical method from rare earth concentrate and is in powder form, consistent with the rare earth composition of the raw material.

Lanthanum carbonate

The carbonate of lanthanum is generally obtained by chemical method using rare earth containing lanthanum as raw material. Mainly used for catalytic materials, pharmaceuticals, etc.

Cerium carbonate

Rare earth containing cerium is used as raw material, and cerium carbonate is generally obtained in powder form through chemical methods. Mainly used for catalytic materials, luminescent materials, polishing materials, and chemical reagents.

Rare earth hydroxide

Lanthanum hydroxide

A powdered rare earth compound with a rare earth content of not less than 85%, usually obtained by chemical method using lanthanum oxide as the raw material. Can be used for ternary catalysts, liquid crystal screen glass decolorizing agents, ceramic industry, electronic industry, etc

Cerium hydroxide

Hydroxide obtained by chemical method from rare earth containing cerium as raw material. Mainly used as a raw material for cerium ammonium nitrate.

Rare earth fluoride

Powdered rare earth and fluorine compounds are generally obtained through chemical methods using rare earth enriched substances as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of luminescent materials and rare earth metals.

Lanthanum fluoride

The powdered fluoride of lanthanum is generally obtained by chemical method using lanthanum compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of metallic lanthanum.

Cerium fluoride

A powdered cerium fluoride obtained by chemical method using cerium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for luminescent materials and crystal materials.

Praseodymium fluoride

Praseodymium fluoride is a powdered form of praseodymium obtained by chemical methods using praseodymium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the production of metal praseodymium, electric arc, carbon rod, additives, etc.

Neodymium fluoride

Powdered neodymium fluoride is usually obtained by chemical method using neodymium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of neodymium metal.

Praseodymium neodymium fluoride

Powdered neodymium fluoride is usually obtained by chemical method using praseodymium neodymium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of praseodymium neodymium metal.

Gadolinium fluoride

Powdered gadolinium fluoride is generally obtained by chemical method using gadolinium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of metal gadolinium.

Terbium fluoride

Powdered terbium fluoride is generally obtained by chemical method using terbium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of metal terbium and magnetostrictive materials.

Dysprosium fluoride

Dysprosium fluoride is a powdered form of dysprosium obtained by chemical methods using dysprosium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of dysprosium metal and alloys.

Holmium fluoride

Powdered holmium fluoride is usually obtained by chemical method using holmium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of metal holmium and alloys.

Erbium fluoride

Powdered erbium fluoride is generally obtained by chemical methods using erbium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for the preparation of metal erbium and alloys.

Yttrium fluoride

A powdered yttrium fluoride obtained by chemical methods using yttrium compounds as raw materials. Mainly used for laser materials.

Rare earth nitrate

A mixture of two or more elements containing light rare earth elements lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, and nitrate. It is a white to light pink crystalline particle or powder that is highly hygroscopic, deliquescent, soluble in water, and soluble in water ethanol. Used for various crops such as grains, oilseeds, fruits, flowers, tobacco, tea, and rubber.

Lanthanum nitrate

The nitrate of lanthanum, obtained by chemical method from rare earth containing lanthanum, is a white granular crystal used in the manufacturing of optical glass, fluorescent powder, ceramic capacitor additives, and refined petroleum processing catalysts.

Cerium nitrate

The crystalline cerium nitrate, obtained by concentrating and crystallizing rare earth elements containing cerium, is easily deliquescent in air. Soluble in water and ethanol, mainly used as luminescent materials, catalysts and chemical reagents, and for steam lamp yarn

Covers, optical glass, and also used in industries such as electric vacuum and atomic energy.

Ammonium cerium nitrate

Ammonium cerium nitrate, obtained by chemical method from pure cerium compound products, is mainly used as a backlight source etchant for thin film transistors and in the electronics industry.

Rare earth sulfate

Cerium sulfate

Crystalline cerium sulfate obtained by chemical method using rare earth containing cerium as raw material. It is highly deliquescent in the air and is mainly used as a colorant for aniline black. It is an excellent colorant for glass production and a substance for colorless transparent glass

It is widely used in intermediate compounds, chemical reagents, and other industries as a color additive, industrial antioxidant, waterproof material, and industrial etchant.

Rare earth acetate

Lanthanum acetate

Crystalline yttrium acetate obtained by chemical method using rare earth containing lanthanum as raw material. It is easily deliquescent in the air and is mainly used for chemical reagents.

Cerium acetate

Crystalline yttrium acetate obtained by chemical method using rare earth containing cerium as raw material. It is easily deliquescent in the air and is mainly used for chemical reagents.

Yttrium acetate

Crystalline yttrium acetate obtained by chemical method using rare earth containing yttrium as raw material. It is easily deliquescent in the air and is mainly used for chemical reagents.

Rare earth oxalate

Gadolinium oxalate

A powdered gadolinium oxalate obtained by chemical method from rare earth containing gadolinium. Mainly used as raw materials for producing high-purity gadolinium oxide, metal gadolinium, and pharmaceutical additives

Rare earth phosphate

Lanthanum cerium terbium phosphate

A rare earth orthophosphate mixture obtained by chemical method using lanthanum, cerium, and terbium as raw materials. Mainly used in rare earth three primary color energy-saving lamps and CCFL cold cathode fluorescent lamps for LCD backlighting.


Post time: Nov-01-2023